Encephalitis, Japanese

Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease found principally in Asia, the temperate regions of China, Japan, Korea, and east Russia. Travelers to these areas that have unprotected outdoor, evening, and nighttime exposure may be at high risk, even if their trip is short.

A Japanese encephalitis vaccine is licensed in the U.S.  Travelers need to plan ahead as the recommended immunization series is in three doses on days 0, 7, and 30.

Tickborne Encephalitis

This is a viral infection of the central nervous system transmitted by bites of certain vector ticks. There is a vaccine which can be obtained in Europe, but data does not recommend immunization if travel is less than three weeks.

Meningococcal Disease

Meningococcal disease is of bacterial origin which causes sudden onset of fever with intense headache, nausea/vomiting, stiff neck and, frequently, a petechial rash with pink macules. Vaccination for this disease is not required for entry into any countries except Mecca and Saudi Arabia. It is also indicated for countries recognized as having epidemic meningococcal disease - advisories will be issued when necessary by the CDC (see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Travelers' Health website at www.cdc.gov/travel.

Meningitis - Haemophilus Influenzae Type b

Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) causes meningitis and other severe bacterial infections (i.e.: pneumonia, septic arthritis, sepsis, and epiglottitis). This infection is generally found in infants and children under 5 years old.

As a result of conjugate Hib vaccines, the disease is uncommon in the U.S. today. However, it remains a threat to travelers throughout the rest of the world.

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